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1.
Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 13(4): 481-485, dic. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1056488

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: The pigmented lesions of the oral cavity may be endogenous or exogenous. Endogenous lesions are benign and usually caused by melanin, and they are called gingival melanin pigmentations. Among the options for depigmenting these areas, laser therapy stands out for being a minimally invasive procedure. This study aims to report a clinical case of the gingival depigmentation technique using a high-power diode laser in the anterior maxillary region, for the ablation of the pigmented tissue to improve gingival aesthetics. The patient had an aesthetic complaint of the darkened aspect of the gingiva in the anterior maxillary and mandibular portions. After local anesthesia, we started depigmentation with high-power diode laser and performed ablation from the attached gingiva toward the free marginal gingiva. The patient returned after 30 and 180 days presenting healthy gingiva and absence of melanin repigmentation. Thus, we concluded that the diode laser was a good alternative for melanin depigmentation because it is a procedure with lower morbidity and satisfactory postoperative results.


RESUMEN: Las lesiones pigmentadas de la cavidad oral pueden ser endógenas o exógenas. Las endógenas son benignas y generalmente causadas por la melanina, denominándose pigmentaciones melánicas gingivales. Entre las opciones para la despigmentación de estas regiones, se destaca la laserterapia, por ser un procedimiento poco invasivo. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo relatar un caso clínico de la técnica de despigmentación gingival utilizando láser de diodo de alta intensidad en la región anterior de los maxilares para ablación del tejido pigmentado con la finalidad de mejorar la estética gingival. El paciente presentaba como queja estética el aspecto oscurecido de la encía en la región anterior de la maxila y de la mandíbula. Tras aplicar anestesia local, se inició la despigmentación con láser de diodo de alta intensidad, siendo que la ablación se realizó a partir de la encía insertada hacia la encía marginal libre. El paciente regresó tras 30 y 180 días, presentando encía saludable y con ausencia de repigmentación melánica. Así fue posible concluir que el láser de diodo mostró ser una buena alternativa para la despigmentación melánica, ya que se presentó como un procedimiento con menor morbidad y buen resultado postoperatorio.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Laser Therapy/methods , Lasers, Solid-State/therapeutic use , Gingival Diseases/surgery , Melanosis/surgery , Brazil , Cosmetic Techniques/instrumentation , Informed Consent
2.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 63(6): 512-520, June 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-896361

ABSTRACT

Summary Objective: To evaluate the geographic distribution and career trajectory of medical graduates and the factors associated with their choice of practice location. Method: A cross-sectional study involving graduates from December 2001 to December 2010 was conducted. A self-administered questionnaire collected demographics and geographic information (place of birth, place of residence at the time of medical school admission, place of residency training and practice location), and reason for choosing the current location. Statistical analyses assessed trends in geographic distribution of graduates, and identified factors associated with location choice (through the population density of the location chosen for professional practice). Results: A total of 563 graduates completed the questionnaire. Of those, 4.3% (n=24) reported family medicine as their medical specialty, 19.9% (n=112) reported other primary care specialties (internal medicine, pediatrics, surgery and obstetrics-gynecology) and the others chose subspecialties. Larger cities were more likely to be chosen for practice, particularly for newly-graduated doctors. Job invitations received during medical residency training increased the likelihood of choosing high-populated cities. In contrast, job invitations received during medical school increased the likelihood of choosing cities less populated. Amongst those in cities with lower population density, proximity to family members was an additional influencing factor; those who chose more densely populated cities did so because of better infrastructure and recreational options. Conclusion: Most of the physicians included in this study pursue subspecialties training and were practicing medicine in large cities. Knowing the multiple factors that influenced the choice of practice location can assist in planning future strategies to reduce physician workforce misdistribution.


Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a distribuição geográfica e a trajetória dos médicos e fatores associados à escolha para o local da prática médica. Método: Estudo transversal envolvendo graduados entre 2001 a 2010, utilizando-se questionário autoaplicado com dados sociodemográficos, informações de localização geográfica (local de nascimento, local onde residia quando entrou na faculdade de medicina, local onde realizou a residência médica e local de prática profissional), e as razões para escolha do local de sua fixação. Análises estatísticas avaliaram as tendências da distribuição dos egressos e os fatores associados com a escolha do local para a prática médica. Resultados: 563 egressos completaram o questionário. Destes, 4,3% (n=24) eram médicos de família, 19,9% (n=112) tinham especialidades em grandes áreas (medicina interna, pediatria, cirurgia e ginecologia-obstetrícia), enquanto os outros escolheram subespecialidades. Houve predomínio da escolha de cidades de grande porte para a prática profissional. Convites para trabalhar recebidos durante a residência médica aumentaram a escolha de cidades de maior densidade populacional. Por outro lado, os convites recebidos durante a graduação influenciaram a escolha de cidades de mais baixa densidade populacional. Para estes últimos, a presença da família no local foi fator de influência, enquanto, para os que escolheram cidades de maior densidade populacional, os fatores de influência foram melhor infraestrutura e mais opções de diversão. Conclusão: A maioria dos médicos deste estudo fixou-se em grandes cidades e escolheu subespecialidades. Conhecer os múltiplos fatores que influenciaram a escolha do local para prática profissional pode auxiliar no planejamento de estratégias para reduzir a má distribuição do trabalho médico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Professional Practice Location/statistics & numerical data , Schools, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Specialization/statistics & numerical data , Universities , Career Choice , Public Sector , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Population Density
3.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 31(1): 296-302, jan./fev. 2015.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-963860

ABSTRACT

The Actinomyces sp has been linked to osteoradionecrosis of the jaw. The identification of these bacteria on histopathological findings confers a determining factor of poor prognosis and is related to difficulties of local control of bone necrosis and risk of recurrent infections. The treatment is complicated due to insidious growth pattern of Actinomyces sp. The methods for diagnosis and therapeutic approaches constitute challenges that underscore the need for understanding the risk factors for infection and knowledge about clinical conditions associated with this pathology. The objective of this study is to report two cases of cancer patients suffering from an osteoradionecrosis infection by Actinomyces sp, to describe approaches and discuss therapeutic options in the light of the current literature.


O Actinomyces sp tem sido associado a osteorradionecrose. A identificação desta bactéria confere um fator determinante de mau prognóstico e está relacionado a dificuldades do controle da necrose óssea local e a risco de infecções recorrentes. O tratamento é complicado devido ao padrão de crescimento insidioso do Actinomyces sp. Os métodos de diagnóstico e as abordagens terapêuticas constituem desafios que reforçam a necessidade de compreender os fatores de risco para a infecção e o conhecimento sobre as condições clínicas associadas a esta patologia. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar dois casos clínicos de pacientes com câncer que sofrem infecção osteorradionecrose por Actinomyces sp, para descrever as abordagens e discutir as opções terapêuticas à luz da literatura atual.


Subject(s)
Osteonecrosis , Osteoradionecrosis , Actinomyces , Actinomycosis , Diphosphonates , Jaw
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